Some of the xmls in the public folder seem to have been placed there without checking against the related schema, most likely the ordering of tags is incorrect:

[ERROR] \Quests\QuestDefinitions[Exploration].xml: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'SortRemovePlanetsOfSameSystem'. One of '{SortSystemByDistance}' is expected.
[ERROR] \Quests\QuestDefinitions[Metaplot].xml: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'SortSystemByQuestNodeRank'. One of '{SortSystemByDistance}' is expected.
[ERROR] \Quests\QuestDefinitions[Sophons].xml: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'SortConstellationByDistance'. One of '{SortSystemByDistance}' is expected.
[ERROR] \Quests\QuestDefinitions[test].xml: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'SortRemovePlanetsOfSameSystem'. One of '{SortSystemByDistance}' is expected.
[ERROR] \Simulation\LibrarianQuestionDefinitions.xml: schema_reference.4: Failed to read schema document '/Schemas/LibrarianQuestionDefinitions.xsd', because 1) could not find the document; 2) the document could not be read; 3) the root element of the document is not <xsd:schema>.
[ERROR] \Simulation\SimulationDescriptors[Hero].xml: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'Property'. One of '{CountModifier, BinaryModifier, Modifier}' is expected.

You may have a corrupted installation. Did you verify integrity on steam? Right click the game in your library, go to properties, local files, verify integrity.