I have a planet with several anomalies on it. But I have not bothered to explore them yet. Will these anomalies apply their negative effects regardless of have they been researched or not? 

No, they don't. On a bright side, it's a rare chance for curiosity to contain new anomaly, it's even rarer to get negative one.

Touko wrote:

Negative anomalies are always revealed when a planet is colonized

Are you sure about?

Are explored anomalies revealed to all factions or only to the player?

For instance: I have explored an underground anomaly on an enemy's planet. This turned out to be a titanium ore vein.

Does it mean that this enemy had not known about this titanium before I explored this anomaly? So it turns out that I helped my enemy?

glorsh66 wrote:

Are explored anomalies revealed to all factions or only to the player?

For instance: I have explored an underground anomaly on an enemy's planet. This turned out to be a titanium ore vein.

Does it mean that this enemy had not known about this titanium before I explored this anomaly? So it turns out that I helped my enemy?

 

You are mixing up anomalies and curiosities. In case you explore a curiosity, you get different outcomes (like ressources, anomalies, population, whatever).

Yep,) mean - you could reveal an anomaly (or titanium ore deposit) by exploring curiosities.

Groo wrote:

Touko wrote:

Negative anomalies are always revealed when a planet is colonized

Are you sure about?

99.9% percent sure. Missing 0.01% because I have only seen it in-game but I have never seen anyone else mention it.

Please do correct me if I'm wrong.

glorsh66 wrote:

Are explored anomalies revealed to all factions or only to the player?

For instance: I have explored an underground anomaly on an enemy's planet. This turned out to be a titanium ore vein.

Does it mean that this enemy had not known about this titanium before I explored this anomaly? So it turns out that I helped my enemy?

 

Yes. In this case you'll get the exploration reward (5 titanium), but now your opponent will be able to gather titanium.

It's likely the opponent was going to explore the curiosity anyways, so it isn't a big deal. I advice to avoid revealing curiosities in enemy territory if you think they are unlikely to have the tech to reveal it themselves.

No, the effect doesn't apply if you don't explore it and the anomalies are not revealed until you or another player explore them.

Yes, anomalies, strategic and luxury resources are revealed for all empires. So if you reveal a titanium deposit on an enemy planet they will start to collect it. You didn't really help your enemy since it's gonna to explore it soon anyway, if you explore it in exchange you get some loot so still worth it.

Touko wrote:

Yes. In this case you'll get the exploration reward (5 titanium), but now your opponent will be able to gather titanium.

It's likely the opponent was going to explore the curiosity anyways, so it isn't a big deal. I advice to avoid revealing curiosities in enemy territory if you think they are unlikely to have the tech to reveal it themselves.

Assuming they have the research for titanium unlocked. Otherwise they will see it, but not be able to gather it.