Seems like there is a lot you can do with these.  If I have 50 or 100 or 500 of one does that mean I get bonuses to my systems or are they more for diplomacy use or selling on the market for Dust?  Any insight would be great!

All resource deposits, be it Strategic or Luxury, grant a particular bonus to the planet they are present on(Ex: Titanium grants +1 Industry while Hyperium grants +1 Science). As for their uses, Strategics are used in the construction of Ships, System improvements and Wonders(including the Endless Wonder needed for Wonder Victory condition) while Luxury Resources are used to upgrade systems(via System Development), suppressing Rebellion and boosting population(boosting doubles their output as well as the likelihood of that population growing). Vaulters and any custom faction with the Material Expertise trait can also use Strategics in upgrading Systems. If you’re not using a Luxury Resource for System Development, you’re typically better off selling it for Dust unless you absolutely need it for population boosting or system rebellion. As for Strategics, having anything above 500 is asking to be sold but how much you use is dependent on how you outfit your ships. Generally though if you have Wonder Victory and Super Weapons disabled, Titanium and Hyperium really lose value once Admantium and Antimatter gain prominence.