So in early history especially most bigger nations where accostumed to certain climates and did not expand in climates.
Rome mediterianinan 
Persians arid regions in northren middle east
Arabia desert like 
Maurya arid down to weter climates however they didnt end up going for the most southern part of india

Carthago mostly meditereanian climate with more focus on africa and southern spain
Egypt Nile valley 
and so on 
you can also see it later on in history aswell and not until countrys started making colonies it started changing. 
some of them like for example rome attempted to expand futher but was not accustomed to the german forests and how to fight there and so on. 
Will where you settle your capital and how accustomed your people are to certain climates impact the amount of cities you can settle in other climates, or impact the production in climates your population is not accustomed to or is it impossiple to implement such mechanics without ruining the flexiblity that picking new cultures each era gives? 

Well they have certainly implemented biomes. I don't believe they have announced any such feature and I think are not likely to as it would be an arbitrary penalty or bonus for your civilization depending on if your starting position makes you need to expand to other biomes early on. It would really suck if you started at the corner of three biomes so you could only expand one direction without penalty.

Well if you start of for example with cities in all 3 bioms they would obviously get aclimated to it earlier, so there would be a short term benefit staying in your biome and a long term going into others earlier. 

A way of Getting around the aforementioned randomly generated biome problem, outside of options, would likely be having it so that each generated game map had its own climate map, the suuuuper simplified explaination being that elements like elevation, water, etc would organically make--let's say three to four regions accustomed to a single climate. 

That's an incredibly dated and simplistic vision of history.

All ancient civilizations flourished in fertile areas, near rivers or more rarely near the sea. Arabians don't live in the desert, and Persians don't live in arid climate.

Just for the same reason that most humans today live in coastal cities and in farmlands.

There's more food and more ressources. Those are the only two factors to take into account.

And the thought was sort to say that your people need to learn things about a type of area before you can fully expand into it and that either they learn from going there themselves or that you can have some subjegated city state expand into the are if they are well accustomed to it. 

carlhhc wrote:

you can also see it later on in history aswell and not until countrys started making colonies it started changing.
some of them like for example rome attempted to expand futher but was not accustomed to the german forests and how to fight there and so on.
Will where you settle your capital and how accustomed your people are to certain climates impact the amount of cities you can settle in other climates, or impact the production in climates your population is not accustomed to or is it impossiple to implement such mechanics without ruining the flexiblity that picking new cultures each era gives?

I think its a neat idea in its core, but it should not limit you, rather help you, in order to be attractive for players. I would say, that having successfuly* colonized region with specific climate, should give you some bonus for further colonizing same climate regions. Then if you feel like it, you could colonize some other climate type, you were not specialized yet, and it would give you a bonus as well but for a missed opportunity to deeper specialize in original climate. Also Capital city could give x3 bonus value to underline nations origin.

It would definitely help to spread civilizations around different cllimates with lesser anxiety about general resource gain (this is something many 4X still struggle with - having climate represented on map often leads to some areas being completely uninhabited or severely disadvantageous to colonize).

*successfuly meaning there could be some condition like population reached or rounds established, to get that bonus = spamming 4 desert regions shouldnt give you bonus immediately

For example:

Capital city - Arid region +3 bonus

Colony - Arid region, after 5 pops +1 bonus = Arid +4

Colony - Desert region, after 5 pops + 1 bonus = Desert +1, Arid +4

There could be even some synergies (as for example arid and desert is similar enough), or multiple climate types, but lets not overcomplicate things.

Also the best way to implement this would be so player doesnt even have to notice or actively manage it, but can intuitively see that his colonies thrive more in similar climate.

Unfortunately, this idea clashes with a major feature of this game type: freedom of choice. Most players want to be able to choose whatever civ/culture they want and not be limited by their environment.

I think the biome idea is interesting, and I would enjoy a game that restricted player choice in natural ways like this.

No the culture doesnt limit the places but rather how accustomed your nation is to certain biomes. I completly agree that having cultures restriting you sucks, and i agree that it could clash with the freedom of choice which is hard to know speculating.