Well, for my nation, or the region, its more like a straight line......
Bronze age: Zhou Dynasty (ancient China)
Classical Age: Han Dynasty (ancient China)
Medieval Age: Tang Dynasty (ancient China)
Renaissance: Mongolia, Ming Dynasty (ancient China)
Industrial: Japan, USSR
Modern: PRC
I m not sure if the Amplitude will release Han and Tang dynasty, for these two cultures have much influence and higher historical status than the other above Chinese culture.
It was pretty straightfoward until the Industrial Age, when Portugal and Britain fought over us and the British won. We got developed into a trading port after that, and countless immigrants from neighbouring countries ( China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia ) moved over. I will say that Britain is probably the most influential of them all.
P.S: Replying to hehtdezx above, I also wish for the Han Dynasty to be in Humankind. It was really, really influential, and up to today, the Chinese consider themselves Han Chinese. The Tang Dynasty is considered China's Golden Age of Golden Ages, but culture-wise, I feel the Han Dynasty has stood the test of time.
When the Europeans arrived, they found a multicultural mish-mash of iron age civilizations with sophisticated cultures (not appreciated at the time) So in addition to our main European forebears (Portuguese, Dutch, English, French) you will also find Zulu, Xhosa, Khoi-San, Sotho, Tswana, Venda, Ndebele, and another dozen or so cultures intrinsic to our current cultural self-identification.
Bronze Age: my region was part of the western/atlantic bronze age and it's sometimes theorized that they were celtic (or used a celtic language as a lingua franca). But let's be careful with that, since celtic elites are more often thought to arrive with Urnfield culture from central Europe. So I'm going to say pro-celts... maybe? Because it was either the lingua franca or the ruling class that arrived at the end of bronze age?
Classical Age: It's between Gauls, Germans and Rome. Rome definitely had the deepest influence though.
Medieval Age: My region was the core of Francia, and it became of part of the royal domain later on.
Renaissance: My region was an interface between the french and "low germanic" world, between France and spanish Netherlands. I'm still going to say Spain, because its influence on the architecture was prevalent, and this period is associated with heavy trade and cultural boom.
Industrial: France or the UK, but at this point the world is already heavily globalized so it's impossible to really give one answer.
Modern: I live in an euro-region, so the EU if that's a possibility, otherwise it's even less possible to give one answer here. Could be any neighbouring country, plus Italy, the US, Portugal, Algeria, Turkey etc. and obviously France.
EDIT/
btw, Mycenaeans really didn't have much influence on anything but their own region. And anyway, they certainly weren't influential over the region of Flanders.
Also, let's keep in mind that the Celts themselves are an iron age culture.
Bronze age: Scythians (we still have some words originating from them)
Classical Age: Goths (still having words, and they also taught us how to organise society properly)
Medieval Age: Byzantine Greece and Mongols (religion, culture, peoples mixed up a lot in that wicked time)
Renaissance: Poland (obviously, the closest neighbour, the object of envy and the bitter enemy)
Industrial: France (our nobility was as much Pro-French as it is possible. Third part of "War and Peace" is written in classic pure French)
Modern: USA (Soviets dreamed of being like USA - Having strong industry, united "melted" nation, and stuff. We were taking so much from Americans with a dream to be like them).
Here's 6 cultures I believe influenced my home country of Scotland
English / British - Fought a lot, fought together too upon joining the Union. English is the first language of nearly every modern Scot.
Irish - Settled south-west and some of the islands, lots of migration between Scots and Irish.
Norwegian - Settled most of the highlands and islands.
French - 'Auld Alliance' in the Medieval Era as well as French backing of House Stuart in the Jacobite Uprisings
Flemish - Many noble families of Medieval Scotland originate from Flemish families after being invited by David I to help improve trade and infrastructure. For example 'de Brus' (sound familiar?)
American [USA] - The case for most countries in the Modern Era
btw, Mycenaeans really didn't have much influence on anything but their own region. And anyway, they certainly weren't influential over the region of Flanders.
Also, let's keep in mind that the Celts themselves are an iron age culture.
We know all bronze age civs of the humankind and none had a big influence on Flanders, so I just took the one who did influence us the most. Mycenaeans did influence ancient greece which did influence rome which in turn influenced Belgica in the ancient era.
A line of influence doesnt needs to be direct, rome did influence the USA a lot even while they didnt exist at the same time. Britain, France, Christianity and the rest of europe transmitted this Roman culture to the USA.
Hmm, I think I'd limit my answer to Saxony (= a state in East Germany) but I can't set certain eras because everything sort of overlaps itself - trust me, it would be the same if I just told about Germany in general.
The Romans and maybe the Huns
The Franks
The Sorbs - They are an ethnic group that lives in the east of Saxony, as well as Brandenburg and Poland and has been in our region for centuries.
The French - The Saxons had to team up with Napoleon and lost the war with them
Many of the other German kingdoms - Germany only became one empire in 1871. Then again, Austria, Denmark und France also played an important role in that part of German history.
USSR/Russia (as part of the DDR), later the USA and UK after the Fall of the Wall in 1989 and the reunion with the BRD in 1990.
You can also say that Saxony always had its own head (which you knew if you were German, haha) and that we have influenced Germany in some ways.
Country Uruguay. Using the civilizations that we know are in the game.
What today was Uruguay used to be inhabited by a southamerican indigenous people named Charruas. Unfurtunately they are kinda extinct now, their towns are gone their language dissapeared and their culture is lost. They were somehow related to the Guarani and Inca people but they didn't have any contact with the Mayans or Olmecs who are the only american factions so far. So instead I will have to go with the other nations who were the ancestors of the uruguayan people today.
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